GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT-
The important area of Henry Fayol's contribution is management principles. His trust is that, these principles need not be restricted to business organisation but even to political, social, economic, religious, philanthropically areas too.
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| General Principles of management |
There are fourteen principles-
I. Division of work:
The work
should be divided among persons based on their specialization. One man one work
at a time. All works cannot be handed over to a Single man. It expects specialist
to handle a special job in all areas.
ii. Priority:
The
authority and responsibilities of persons are to be balanced. It means they
should be matched to each other. But, in no case, authority without
responsibility or vice versa should be practiced in an organisation. Both are
dangerous. But in reality people expect more authority but less of
responsibility. It should not happen. Both should go hand in hand.
iii. Discipline:
The
obedience to rules and regulations is discipline. All the levels of management,
adherence to set practices should be followed by personnel. Contrary to this,
penalties are to be just and impartial.
iv. Unity of command:
The
orders and directions are to be issued by superior to subordinates. The order
should come from the defined source.
v. Unity of direction: The
direction to the group activities must be provided by one ‘head with one plan.
Without unity of direction, unity of action, co-ordination of strength and
focusing of effort cannot be achieved.
vi. Subordination of individual interest to general
interest: The organizational
objectives are to be collectively achieved by individuals. The individual
interest should go hand in hand with organisational interest.
vii. Remuneration:
The
rewards paid to workers should be reasonable and rational. The method should
promote efficient worker with fair return.
viii. Centralization: The authority and necessary powers
should be concentrated at top level management. The degree of concentration depends
upon the nature of organisation and situation.
ix. Scalar Chain:
The flow
of command should be from superiors to subordinates. The line of authority is
defined.
x. Order:
The order
principle says that there should be the right man in the right job and right
material in the right place. Everything and men be placed in the right order.
xi. Equity:
The
worker should perform his duties with loyalty. The management should treat men
with humanity and kindness.
xii. Stability:
The
workers turnover or change in work force should be kept minimum. The stable
work force builds an attachment to organisation.
xiii. Initiative:
The
employees are to be allowed to take part in deciding and implementing the
plans. They should be motivated to take lead.
xiv. Esprit de Corps:
There
should be mutual understanding and harmony among the members of an
organisation.
Thus,
the three fold contribution of H. Fayol had enriched the scientific management.
Along with the principles, Fayol also
lists the qualities required to be possessed by a manager. The manager should bear
physical, moral, educational, technical qualities along with the rich experience
in the respective field.
The highly appreciated point is
that, the H. Fayol's principles are universally applicable. His management
principles are not restricted to business organisations but can be applied to
social, economical, political, religious organisation. Because in all the
organisations the functions remain the same.
The Fayol's theory is superior in the growth of
management ideology because of the following factors.
- Universally applicable principles.
- Concentration on the functions of
Top management.
- A general administrative theory
which can be universally applied
- Fayol is the father of principles of
management.
- An added value to scientific
management ideology.
CONCLUSION-
As the students of business
management, it is much essential have glance and deep understanding of the
concepts relating to management along with the general view of its functions,
principles, scope etc. No organization can achieve success and excellence
without adoption and implementation of all the functions and principles of
management in the true spirit. Therefore, this introductory unit has opened up
the gate-way of further detailed aspects to be covered in subsequent units.
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