Frederick Winslow Taylor, USA (1856-1915)
 |
| F.W. Taylor |
F.W. Taylor
is the founder of scientific management. He is known as the father
of scientific management. He
joined as an apprentice mechanic at the Crampt Shipyard in Philadelphia to
begin his career. After three years, he joined Midvale Steel and worked as an
ordinary labour. He was promoted as Gang Boss after two years and as the Chief
Engineer after four years. Afterwards he joined the Beth-eham Steel Company in
1898. After his retirement, he worked as a consultant and specialist in shop
management.
By virtue of his experience
in different capacities, he found that –
- Production methods in most of the organisations
were not planned properly i.e. production planning was not done.
- The tools and equipments used for the production
were insufficient
I.e. less number of tools was found in the
production process.
- The working methods were unscientific and haphazard.
- The traditional rule of thumb was practiced.
In
order to overcome these problems, Taylor conducted number of scientific
investigations and researches. He came to know that, there is a science to do a
particular work. Unless the science is applied work cannot be performed
systematically. He declared that, there is always a 'one best way' of doing a
job. It should be chosen by selecting among the various alternatives.
Taylor
wrote number of books on management, such as; Shop Management, Principles of
Scientific Management, and Piece Rate systematic.
According to Taylor, the
following are the elements of management are-
1. Determination of Work:- It
specifics the work to be performed by a worker in a particular day. It is
determined by conducting following studies.
What is method study?
A. Method study - It involves the work measurement
and work improvement. It is a preliminary survey of condition of production method,
the adverse conditions are removed and best ones are retained.
What
is Routing?
B. Routing- It is the sequence of operations.
It fixes where the work will be done.
What
is motion study?
C. Motion study - It fixes the movements to be
performed by a man and machines. It also avoids unnecessary movements and arranges
all the activities in a standard sequence.
What is time study?
d. Time study- The standard time required to
complete a job is scientifically fixed. Every machine or man has to complete
the task within the stipulated time. Based on this time, time rate will be
fixed.
What is Fatigue study?
e. Fatigue study- It suggests the rest to be given to
workers in between the work. The rest time and duration are also fixed.
What us Rate setting?
f. Rate setting - The wage is fixed on the basis of
standard output. The incentive is given to those who produce more than standard
output and those who are below standard are punished with lower rate.
2. Production Planning
- The
production is carried on with a systematic planning. As a plan, it answers to
the four questions.
What to do?
How to do?
Where to
do?
When to do?
3. Scientific Selection- once the product and methods are finalized
the suitable work force should be selected. The proper selection of work force
is done with the help of attitude, aptitude test and experience. In this
process the help of psychologists and engineers is obtained, ideally selected
workers are imbibed with the required qualities under the training process. The
training is planned to suit the needs of job and workers.
4. Improvements in Work Methods- The
working conditions are to be improved. They include standardisation of tools,
equipment, process, conditions, material movements, speed of the work etc. The improvement
in working conditions automatically improves the results.
5. Functional Foremanship- The whole organisation should be reorganized. The worker is supposed
to work under functional specialist.
There are eight specialists to guide each worker
They are -
Route Clerk: He fixes the route map for each
worker. Each worker is guided about the chronological order of the job.
Instruction Card Clerk: He instructs about the methods doing
job.
Time and Cost Clerk: The worker is guided about the time allowed to each
job and reward fixed.
Gang Boss:
He instructs about the
preparations needed for the job.
Speed Boss:
The required speed for
the men and machines is supervised by the speed boss.
Repair Boss:
The spot repair work is
undertaken by this expert. The minor repairs should not affect the speed of the
Job.
Inspector:
A continuous quality checking is done by the inspector. Any variations are
noted immediately and corrected.
Shop Disciplinarian:
The discipline required
in the work place among the worker is checked by disciplinarian.
6. Mental Revolution- The presence of mind is very much required.
According to F.W. Taylor, it is the mental revolution. The mind setup of both
worker and owner should synchronies (alike) each other. There should be a perfect
understanding, co- operation, coordination towards the work. They should not suspect
each other. Both the parties should be of same attitude.
Your Friend,
Shaikh Md. Sohail
Follow
me on-
(Click the link to visit now)
Instagram- Skisohotrends
Twitter- Smdsohail8
https://mobile.twitter.com/Smdsohail8
Facebook Page- Skisohotrends
Facebook Page- Skisohotrends
https://www.facebook.com/SkiSohotrends-101869824497576/
Our branded shopping site- Soho Online Mart
Our branded shopping site- Soho Online Mart
0 comments:
Post a Comment