Evolution of management thought.
v
INTRODUCTION-
The
management is not a new science. It is as old as human civilization. The growth
of civilization over the centuries can be traced back with the management
practices. The life beginning with ancient age has seen different stages of
growth. The management too has grown with changing life stages. Therefore, the
history of management is referred to as an evolutionary concept. The
environmental effects could be seen in the practice of management over the
period of time.
The following paragraphs explain the evolution of management thought:-
v
EVOLUTION
OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT:
The
progress of mankind synchronizes with the evolution of management. From the
rude life style of the ancient period, the life has reached the ultra-modern
stage. The period between these extreme ends stands as an evidence for the
organised management efforts.
Until
the occurrence of Industrial revolution in the mid of 18th century,
the management practices remained quite stable. Industrial Revolution brought
revolutionary changes is the production methods, organizational styles, factory
system, grouped labour force, transportation, communication etc. The large
scale production resulted into worldwide marketing. It added economic relations
to social contracts. Therefore, the management was applied to large scale
production, maintaining economic relations, extracting maximum work from
labours.
But
the growth of organisations in size amassed the complexities in human relations.
This paved ways for man's quest to search new methods, process, managing
relations between the employer and employee. The seeds of modern management
thought were sown by Industrial Revolution. There began a new way of looking
into the subject matter of management. The following discussion is devoted to
pre-scientific management scale.
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| Evolution of management thought |
Evalution
of Scientific Management
The scientific management was initially accepted
widely. It was accepted on its merits. They are-
1. Fayol suggested new methods of production.
1. Fayol suggested new methods of production.
2. The scientific methods improved the output and efficiency
3. The organisation was reorganised with functional foremanship.
3. The organisation was reorganised with functional foremanship.
4.The wage rate was fixed on standard piece-rate.
5.The idea of Taylor is to reward with higher rate for efficient labour
and punish inefficient with lower rate.
6.The emphasis is on standardisation, specialization, simplification.
7.Introduced the idea of mental revolution.
Critics -
It was heavily criticised by other thinkers of the
same period as follows -
v No human touch, human relations.
v Sharp difference between efficient and inefficient beginner.
v Man was equated with machine
v The worker was under confusion while working under eight functional
experts.
v Worker was not involved in decision making process
v The theory is based on unscientific idea.
v Higher specialisation results into more and more mistakes and fatigues.
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