NATURE OF MANAGEMENT-
The nature of management differs
according to its applicability to different
spheres of life. Initially, it was restricted to business community Its changing role in human life has made
constantly to rethink about the concept.
The views expressed by various management experts give the versatility of the phenomenon. Therefore,
till today, the management is
overcrowded by misconceptions and misunderstandings.
Management
as an academic body of knowledge has come a long way in the recent decades. It
has grown in structure and has gained acceptance all over the world. A study of
the above definitions gives the vivid facets of the management. The nature of
management is best understood by its characteristics.
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| Feature And Nature of Management |
The
following features explain the nature of management.
1) A universal concept - The
management concept is not restricted to business community. In other words, it
can be applied to all areas of human activities. It remains same in all types
of organisations. The organisations may be sole trading concern, Firms
Corporation, municipality, trusts, society etc., but the management is
applicable with a slight variation. The management activities are common to all
types of organisation.
Hence, management is a "universal
phenomenon or process.”
2) A factor of production- The management as a factor of production has
gained more importance in recent years because it deals with both men and
materials. The management of human factor in every organisation is a crucial
responsibility of management. Most of the organisations fail due to
mismanagement, rather than scarcity of material resources or factors.
3) A process- The
management is an action. It is dynamic in nature. It is an ongoing and never
ending activity. This activity includes series of functions arranged in
chronological order. It begins with planning the organisation and ends with
controlling the same. Within both the ends, it also performs functions such as
organisation, staffing, directing, co-ordinating and communicating. It is
dynamic because it initiates moves that reform and alter the business enterprise.
4) A social science- Management
is a social-science. Human beings are involved in the social process. It
consists of getting things done through others. Hence, it involves dealing with
individuals with different level of sensitivity, perception and abilities.
5) A group activity- The
management concept indicates a group of person. The success of management
depends upon group activities. A single individual cannot perform all the
activities. If an organisation wishes to produce a product, it has to
incorporate various experts in production, planning, sales, advertising,
finance, technology etc the management comes into existence only when there is
an organized group activity towards a common objective.
Therefore, the experts opine that,
"management is concerned with the management of people and not the
direction of things."
6) An organ of society- Management
is a miniature of society and its social process. Both are mutually dependent.
There is an inter-relation between society and management. The society influences
the management activities and vice versa.
As management is part of society,
the economic, social, cultural, political, moral factors automatically
influence. The entry of an individual to an organisation pre-supposes the vivid
social factors. Hence, the concept of social responsibility is gaining importance.
Every management has to undertake social welfare activities. Business cannot be
carried on in vacuum.
7) A system of authority and responsibility - Management involve various individuals at
different levels. All cannot be placed at the same level. There are three
levels called Top, Middle and Lower. For each level, authorities and
responsibilities are fixed. Every individual is accountable to his/her position
in the hierarchy. An individual can perform well with the balanced authority
and responsibility.
8) A profession- Management is considered to be a noble
profession. In earlier times, it was understood as an activity. But in recent times,
it is given the shape of profession. As a profession, it has its own
professional ethics. The managerial persons have a thorough knowledge about the
organisation.
9) A multiple discipline- The
knowledge of management is the collection of ideas from various disciplines.
They include economics, engineering, sociology, psychology, environment,
mathematics, behavioral science etc. The success of management depends upon the
molding of principles of all disciplines.
10) A goal oriented activity- Management
is a goal oriented activity. It knows perfectly the objectives to be attained.
It is also called management by objectives. The objectives are set by the organisation.
The objectives may be economic and social. In order to attain these objectives,
it constantly employs the resources. Without knowing 'what to attain' the
management cannot perform effectively.
11) An academic discipline- Management is gaining importance as an
academic discipline. Earlier it was just applied to business organisation. But,
its wide application in all walks of life has invited academicians to conduct
research in this field. The products of research are out with more
sophistication.
Conclusion-
The enterprise should be equipped
to face the changes in business environment brought out by economic, social,
political, technological and human factors. The process prepares the organisation
to adopt itself to the changing environment. Every organisation has its own
research and development department to suggest upon the improvised management
activities. Management enriches itself with the co-ordinated efforts of
academicians. In the group dynamics,
men, machine, materials, money are properly co-ordinated.
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